Empirical characterization and modeling of electrical loads in smart homes. Automating energy management in green homes. Is disaggregation the Holy Grail of energy efficiency? The case of electricity. Our results point to the potential of replacing physical energy meters by “virtual” power meters using a system like PowerPlay. Our results from applying the system to real-world energy data demonstrate that PowerPlay (i) enables efficient online tracking on low-power embedded platforms, (ii) scales to thousands of loads (across many buildings) on server platforms, and (iii) improves per-load accuracy by more than a factor of two compared to a state-of-the-art load disaggregation algorithm. We propose PowerPlay, a model-driven system for performing accurate, high-performance online load tracking. In essence, tracking a particular load creates a virtual power meter for it, which mimics having a networked-connected power meter attached to the load, but notably does not require tracking every other load as well. Load tracking differs from the well-studied problem of load disaggregation in that it emphasizes per-load accuracy and efficient, online operation rather than accurate disaggregation of every building load via offline analysis. Online load tracking is the problem of monitoring an individual electrical load’s energy usage in software by analyzing the building’s aggregate smart meter data. Many energy optimizations require fine-grained, load-level energy data collected in real time, most typically by a plug-level energy meter.
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